Задание №16266 ЕГЭ по Английскому языку

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Researchers Look for Biological Reasons Behind Stuttering

Researchers are looking into the biological causes of stuttering. Stuttering is a speech problem A                          . For centuries, people have feared being judged for stuttering. It is a condition often misunderstood as a psychological problem B                          . However, research presented at a recent science conference explores its biological causes: genetics and brain differences. Stuttering affects 70 million people around the world. It has been recorded as far back as ancient China, Greece and Rome.

Unfortunately, no one really knew what caused it until modern genetic science and brain imaging helped provide some answers. Researchers identified the first genes C                           more than a decade ago. Imaging studies looked at brains of adults and older children. And in the last few years, researchers started looking at 3- to 5-year-olds. That is around the age many kids begin stuttering, with about 80 percent outgrowing it. Though several genes may be involved and the exact genetic causes may vary by child, they probably affect the brain in a similar way. The imaging shows small brain differences in young children who keep stuttering, D                           or those who never stuttered.

Still, many people incorrectly believe that people stutter because they are nervous or suffered childhood trauma. Some also think stutterers could stop E                          . “We have a long way to go to change such beliefs,” the researchers say. Speech therapy is currently the main way to treat stuttering. However, the medications now being tested could be approved for stuttering in the next few years. Studies have suggested F                          . Some medicine reduces dopamine activity or block its action.

1. if they just tried harder
2. that stuttering may be related to high levels of a brain chemical called dopamine
3. caused by things like bad parenting or emotional trauma
4. compared with those who recover
5. that causes the speaker to repeat the beginning sound of some words
6. about being bullied by classmates for his speech problem
7. strongly linked to stuttering