Задание №24263 ЕГЭ по Английскому языку

Установите соответствие между текстами A-G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Заголовки:

1. The city decline
2. Difficult early times
3. A port needed for trade
4. The status still kept
5. The time of wealth
6. A centre of technology
7. A long-awaited fortress
8. Glorious war history

Тексты:

Текст А: Today, Russia is washed by 13 seas, but this has not been a historical constant. Back in the 16th century, the nation's direct access to the Arctic Ocean was its sole maritime connection, leading to an arduous struggle to secure a foothold in the Baltic Sea. The year 1581 marked a significant turning point during the Livonian War when Swedish forces successfully seized Narva, the sole major Russian port along the Baltic coastline and a crucial strategic asset. Consequently, the Russian tsar Ivan IV was compelled to shift his attention towards the northern territories.

Текст B: During the 16th century, European trade experienced remarkable growth, leading to the exploration of new trading routes. However, Russia faced significant challenges in engaging in trade with Western Europe due to the prevailing conditions, despite its crucial importance for the nation's ongoing development. At that time, English traders had already established a route to Russian settlements along the White Sea coastline. Nevertheless, the rarity of local docks hindered efficient trade operations, emphasizing the pressing need for a substantial and fully functional port to accommodate merchant vessels.

Текст С: On March 4, 1583, the tsar ordered the establishment of a city near the Mikhailo-Archangel monastery, located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River, 30 kilometres from the White Sea. The following year witnessed the construction of the New Kholmogory fortress in that vicinity, which eventually came to be recognized as Arkhangelsk from the 17th century. The fortress was ingeniously crafted using interwoven masts, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship of skilled carpenters. It served as Russia's sole gateway to Europe during that period.

Текст D: Arkhangelsk experienced substantial growth and faced numerous challenges as a burgeoning urban center. To facilitate trade with foreign merchants, extensive efforts were made, including the construction of a sizable maritime dock and the establishment of trade hubs known as Guest Courts. British, Dutch, and other merchants from various European regions arrived, bringing a diverse range of imported textiles, luxurious fabrics, delicate lace, fine wines, valuable gemstones, gunpowder, and cannons. In return, they would acquire Russian commodities such as wheat, pork, lard, sable fur, resin, and other goods. During that era, Arkhangelsk served as the primary conduit for Russia's trade with Western nations.

Текст E: In 1693, Peter I paid a visit to the city and was greatly astounded by the sheer number and diversity of foreign vessels, leaving a lasting impression on the young tsar. Inspired by what he witnessed, he issued a directive to establish a shipyard, which would oversee the construction of Russia's merchant and naval fleets. A pivotal moment occurred on June 25, 1701, during the initial stages of the Northern War against Sweden when the enemy made an audacious attempt to capture the city. However, their ambitions were swiftly thwarted near the Novodvinsk fortress, a stronghold that safeguarded the approaches. This triumph marked the first significant Russian victory in the ongoing conflict.

Текст F: During the initial period of his rule, Peter I made significant contributions to the advancement of Arkhangelsk. However, ultimately, he was held responsible for the waning prestige of this vital hub of Russian commerce. As the tide of war shifted in favor of Russia, the tsar's official proclamations intentionally redirected the trade stream away from Arkhangelsk and towards St. Petersburg. By 1718, a mere one-third of the exports traversed through the northern port, and following the war's conclusion, St. Petersburg monopolized 100% of all trade with Western nations.

Текст G: Prior to Peter I's endeavors to establish a "window to Europe" through the Baltic Sea, Russia's sole gateway had resided in the Arctic Ocean, namely the city of Arkhangelsk. Although Arkhangelsk ceased to be the primary port in Russia and never fulfilled the role of a "northern gateway" within the country, it excelled in one aspect – throughout the 18th century, the city remained integral to launching scientific expeditions into the Arctic Ocean.