Задание №16285 ЕГЭ по Английскому языку

Установите соответствие между текстами A-G и заголовками 1-8.
Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Заголовки:

1. The reasons for devastation
2. General facts
3. The Maya religion
4. Cosmology of the Maya civilization
5. Cities in Maya civilization
6. Maya society
7. Agricultural success 
8. Brief history

Тексты:

Текст А: The Maya is probably the most famous civilization among the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerica spans five countries, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico, El Salvador, and Honduras. There are now indications that the Maya people had migrated from North America to the highlands of Guatemala, perhaps as long as 2600 B.C. The people of Maya developed logosyllabic scripts, mathematics, astronomy, and calendrical systems. They were known to put a lot of effort into elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including palaces, temple-pyramids, and observatories, all of which were built without metal tools.

Текст B: The Maya had one of the greatest civilizations of the Western Hemisphere before the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Central America. The rise of the Maya began around 250 A.D. At the height of the Classic Period of Mayan culture, Mayan civilization consisted of more than 40 cities with a population ranging from 5,000 to 50,000. After 900 A.D., the Classic Maya civilization declined, leaving significant cities like Tikal and Bonampak ceremonial centers vacant and overgrown with jungle vegetation.

Текст С: Society was organized hierarchically within each Maya Kingdom, including Kings, nobles, warriors, teachers, architects, merchants, administrators, artisans, laborers, and farmers. In addition to the capital, the Maya had outlying subsidiary sites ranging from sizable towns to hamlets and household compounds occupied by extended families. The Maya had a clear division of labor between men and women. The men cared for the cornfields and looked after building huts while women made clothing, prepared food, and tended to the family's domestic needs.

Текст D: The Maya were skilled farmers. They used the "slash-and-burn" technique to clear the forests and create arable land. They planted different crops, primarily maize, beans, squash, and tobacco. In the highlands to the west, the Maya terraced the slopes on mountainsides while clearing the jungle for planting in the lowlands. The Maya knew how to use the land efficiently, and after a period of two years, they moved their fields to new locations to allow the old fields to lie fallow for ten years before using them again.

Текст E: More arable land was used because of the growing cities due to the increase of people arriving outside. Severe food shortages and malnutrition hit the people due to the increasing population, drought, and crop failure. The people of the southern lowland cities were forced to move elsewhere to survive. Other factors that contributed to the collapse of those cities around 900 A.D. included the high price of increased warfare, the expense of maintaining kings and nobles, and the practice of taking commoners for human sacrifice.

Текст F: The Maya believed in several gods, with at least 166 named deities. This is because each of the gods had many aspects, with some having more than one sex and others could be both young and old. Every god representing a heavenly body had a different Underworld face, which appeared when the god "died" in the evening. The priests' role was closely connected to astronomy and the calendar. Priests were in charge of calculating time, festivals, ceremonies and controlled learning and ritual.

Текст G: In addition to being an agricultural hinterland, Maya cities were the administrative and ritual centers for regions, including the city itself. The largest Maya cities were home to a significant number of people. Tikal, for example, had within its center over 10,000 individual structures ranging from thatched-roof huts to temple-pyramids. Tikal's population is estimated to exceed 50,000 people giving it a population density several times greater than an average city in America or Europe at the same period of history.