Задание №16236 ЕГЭ по Английскому языку

Установите соответствие между текстами A-G и заголовками 1-8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Заголовки:

1. Decorations matter
2. Different but still similar
3. Further development
4. Origins and types
5. Historical background
6. Revolutionary in nature
7. Counterparts over oceans
8. Symbolic in art

Тексты:

Текст A: The balalaika is a Russian folk instrument. Developed in its modern form during the 19th century by musical prodigy Vassilij Vassilevich Andreev, the contemporary balalaika comes in five sizes, the contrabass, bass, secunda, prima, and piccolo, and customarily has either three strings or six arranged into two groups. The triangular body of the instrument is usually made from hard wood and can be plain or highly decorative with darker wood inlays, hand painting, and/or an ornately carved sound hole in the center.

Текст B: Although its roots are often disputed, the balalaika does resemble many East Asian stringed instruments, like the dombra and tanbur. Before the 1500s, jesters or roving minstrels, called skomorokhs, played the balalaika as a form of rebellion, accompanying their tunes with lyrics which ridiculed politics and the Russian Orthodox Church. Because of this, the church tried to exterminate Russian folk music and its radical underpinnings during the 1600s. It is unsurprising then that the first written documentation of a balalaika is an arrest record from the year 1688.

Текст C: However, the church was unsuccessful in its endeavors, and folk music thrived during the 1700s. Serf orchestras were formed and new demand for music teachers arose all over Russia. Folk music spread over the entirety of Russia, and the balalaika itself became so popular with the lower and middle classes during this period that it seemed every household owned at least one. Throughout the 1800s, the balalaika remained common, and attitudes toward it paralleled the increasing revolutionary spirit in Russia.

Текст D: The new subversive attitude of both the proletariat and the peasantry can be seen in their treatment of the balalaika in art. For example, a manufactured glass bottle from the 1890s, currently on display at the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, depicts a peasant playing the balalaika. It is a beautiful object which openly celebrates the common man, symbolized by the balalaika. The bottle, while aesthetically pleasing, is purposefully utilitarian. The proletariat and the peasants would have regarded it as artistically attractive because of its functional nature.

Текст E: The history of the balalaika is similar in many ways to the history of the American banjo. Like the balalaika, the banjo is a folk instrument with unclear origins. It is also stringed and fretted and came into conflict with church teachings. During the mid-1700s, evangelical Christians held sway in the United States. Because these people considered dancing to be sinful, they mistrusted the banjo, whose sordid music might bring about dancing or worse.

Текст F: The most important parallel between the banjo and the balalaika was their role in revolution. From the 1600s to the 1800s, the banjo was a common symbol of American slavery. The idea of a contented slave, strumming away on his banjo exemplified a pro-slavery viewpoint. The slaves were contented living as they were — just look at how they danced and played their banjos! However, this image presented a paradox. How could one recognize the slaves’ human emotions, and human talents and still deny them their humanity?

Текст G: Although the balalaika’s history differs from the banjo’s history in that the balalaika was a symbol for unity (the unification of the peasants and workers), while the banjo was a symbol of conflict (abolitionists disagreements with slavery’s supporters), the two histories do interweave. The physical resemblance and dissension with established religion draw a connection between the two instruments, but their greatest similarity lies in both instruments’ affiliation with revolution and a restructuring of society.